The Situation: Asiatic citrus canker is a widespread bacterial disease in Asia and in certain other citrus-growing regions of the world. It was eradicated from the U.S. after its introduction in the early part of this century. New infestations of true Asiatic citrus canker have been recently detected in Florida, suggesting that the introduction of...
The Situation: In southern California, Klambothrips myopori Myoporum, a plant genus native to Australia and New Zealand. This thrips causes considerable leaf deformation through the feeding activity of larvae and adults. This pest is likely native to Australia or New Zealand where it is probably a specialist on members of Myoporum. Damage: The plant species...
The Situation: Several species of brightly colored, ground dwelling bugs are familiar to California residents who observe the insects running over dry ground, feeding and migrating among urban vacant lots and weedy fields. Most familiar are those species with contrasting red and black coloration which feed upon developing or mature seeds and seed pods. The...
The Situation: The potato psyllid is a major insect pest of solanaceous crops growing in Central and North America. Potato psyllid has historically been a sporadic pest in California, generally developing damaging populations for 6 months or a year and then disappearing for 20 or 30 years. However, since the year 2000, year-round populations have...
The Situation: Phytophthora ramorum is one of several species of related fungus-like water molds (oomycetes) that are pathogenic to plants. Another member of this group, P. infestans, is notable as the cause of the potato blight epidemics in Europe in the mid-1800s. More recently, P. ramorum has emerged as a major threat to California woodlands...
The Situation: Upwards of 40% of amphibian species are in decline worldwide, owing to several factors such as habitat loss, environmental degradation, pollutants, and disease. Recently the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has emerged as a major threat to amphibians. Amphibians infected with B. dendrobatidis develop chytridiomycosis, which eventually causes death in susceptible species. The first...
The Situation: The Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA, for short) is a major economic pest in the southeastern United States. It originates in lowland areas of South America, primarily Brazil and Argentina. Since its first documented interception in 1984 at a border station in California, periodic outbreaks have occurred in several counties. In the past...
The Situation: The Argentine ant is native to Northern Argentina and it is a globally distributed invasive pest in urban, natural, and agricultural habitats. Due to unusually low levels of intraspecific aggression the Argentine ant can establish extremely large colonies. This contributes to its status as a nuisance pest in homes and its ability to...
The Situation: Vine mealybug was first found in California in the mid-1990s. Since then it has spread throughout the state, becoming among the most significant vineyard pests. Vine mealybug has a wide host range, feeding on several agricultural and weedy plant species. However, grapevines are a preferred host, and are the most adversely affected by...
The Situation: The brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus, became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become well entrenched as part of the local spider fauna in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central California. The...
The Situation: The Bagrada bug (also called painted or harlequin bug) was first found in June 2008 in Los Angeles Co. California, and is now widely distributed in LA and Orange Counties. Establishment of Bagrada bug in California is a new USA and Western Hemisphere record. Damage: Bagrada bug is a major pest of crop...
The Situation: The rosewood tree, Tipu, or “Pride of Bolivia”, Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae), is native to South America (South Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia) and is widely grown as a landscape ornamental and shade tree in southern California and elsewhere in the world (e.g., Egypt, Portugal, and Israel.) Tipu trees are popular because they are...
The Situation: Quagga and zebra mussels are aquatic invasive species that are native to eastern Europe. The quagga mussel originated from Dnieper River drainage of Ukraine. The zebra mussel was first described from the lakes of southeast Russia and its natural distribution also includes the Black and Caspian Seas. Quagga and zebra mussels get their...
The Situation: Caulerpa taxifoliais an invasive alga that is causing serious environmental problems in the Mediterranean Sea. This invasive weed was discovered in southern California and New South Wales, Australia in 2000. Caulerpa taxifolia was officially eradicated from southern California in 2006. Caulerpa taxifolia is native in tropical waters with populations naturally occurring in the...
The Situation: As the common name indicates, this invasive pest is native to New Zealand. New Zealand mud snail has had a long invasion history. It was first found in the United Kingdom in 1859, the western Baltic in Europe in 1887, the Mediterranean and eastern Europe were invaded in the 1950’s. The snail has...
The Situation: Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is an efficient vector of the bacterial citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB), previously called citrus greening disease, which is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. In the United States, the psyllid vector is found in Florida, Mexico, Louisiana, Georgia, South Carolina, Cuba, Belize and the Yucatan peninsula...
The Situation: Since 1850, eucalyptus trees of >90 species have been imported as seed from Australia into California for a wide range of ornamental and other uses. Eucalyptus are now an ubiquitous plant in urban areas in southern California, and these plants are becoming increasingly more common in California’s natural areas too where some species...
The Situation: The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), likely introduced from the southeastern U.S. as eggs on nursery stock, was first observed in Orange and Ventura counties in California in 1989. It has a large plant-host range and is especially abundant on citrus. Damage: GWSS feeds on plants through straw-like mouthparts inserted into the xylem tissue which...
The Light Brown Apple Moth, The situation: Light brown apple moth (LBAM) is a tortricid leafroller approximately ¼ inch in length that roll leaves into shelters. LBAM is native to Australia and has established in New Zealand, Hawaii, Ireland, New Caledonia and Great Britain. In March 2007, the presence of LBAM was confirmed in California...
The Situation: An exotic long-horned beetle was first discovered attacking ornamental trees in New York City and Chicago. Detections of this pest have since been made in most states in the northeastern portion of the United States as well as in California beginning in 1996. Their route of entry into the USA appears to have...
